Apelação Criminal Nº 40174920024013200/am

Penal - estelionato - art. 171, § 3º, do código penal, na forma tentada - Obtenção de ressarcimento do adicional do fundo de renovação de marinha mercante - afrmm, mediante fraude (utilização de notas fiscais falsas) - autoria e materialidade comprovadas - dosimetria da pena - circunstâncias do crime - elemento normativo do tipo - impossibilidade de majoração da pena-base - pena-base reduzida. I - Autoria e materialidade comprovadas, eis que o réu praticou, consciente e voluntariamente, a conduta descrita no crime previsto no art. 171, § 3º, do Código Penal, uma vez que utilizou documentos falsos para obter vantagem ilícita, consistente em ressarcimento do Adicional do Fundo de Renovação da Marinha Mercante - AFRMM, em desfavor da União, não se consumando o crime, por circunstâncias alheias a sua vontade. II - “não se pode considerar na dosimetria da pena, para efeito de elevar a pena-base, circunstâncias judiciais desfavoráveis ao acusado, dados ou fatos que já integram a descrição do tipo, sob pena de estar incorrendo em bis in idem“ (ACR 2006.42.00.001500-3/RR, Rel. Des. Federal Hilton Queiroz, 4ª Turma do TRF/1ª Região, unânime, DJU de 13/09/2007, p. 25), ou, ainda, “sob pena de violação ao princípio ne bis in idem, as circunstâncias judiciais do art. 59 do Código Penal devem ser analisadas de modo a que não provoquem o aumento da pena em razão de circunstâncias ínsitas à conduta tipificada“ (ACR 2002.34.00.030260-2/DF, Rel. Juiz Federal Convocado César Cintra Fonseca, 3ª Turma do TRF/1ª Região, unânime, e-DJF1 de 16/05/2008, p.127), o que leva à conclusão de que não podem ser considerados, como circunstâncias judiciais do art. 59 do Código Penal, elementos do tipo penal já utilizados na condenação ou ínsitos ao tipo penal. III - A circunstância de o crime ter sido cometido, mediante fraude e ardil, não pode ser considerada, em desfavor do réu, para a majoração da pena-base, em face do delito previsto no art. 171 do Código Penal, por ser elemento normativo do próprio tipo penal. IV - Apelação parcialmente provida.

Rel. Des. Murilo Fernandes De Almeida

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