Apelação Criminal Nº 0007527-89.2005.4.03.6181/sp

Penal. Apelação criminal. Apropriação indébita de contribuições previdenciárias. Sonegação de contribuições previdenciárias. Artigos 168-a, §1º, i e 337-a, iii, ambos do código penal. Inépcia parcial da denúncia. Tipificação do comportamento delituoso descrito no artigo 337-a do código penal antes da entrada em vigor da lei 9983/200. Autoria e materialidade de ambos os crimes comprovadas. Não demonstrada causa excludente da ilicitude ou culpabilidade. Dosimetria da pena. 1. A Notificação Fiscal de Lançamento de Débito NFLD nº 35.468.915-0 acompanhada das folhas de pagamento dos salários dos empregados comprovam que houve o desconto relativo à contribuição previdenciária e o não repasse aos cofres públicos dos valores recolhidos dos segurados empregados da sociedade “Yadoya Indústria e Comércio S/A“ (artigo 168-A, §1º, I, do Código Penal). 2. A autoria delitiva imputada a Ivon Tomomassa Yadoya está evidenciada pelas Atas de Assembléias da sociedade anônima, revelando a efetiva participação do apelante na administração societária, especialmente a Ata da Assembléia Geral Extraordinária datada de 19.11.1992 e a Ata da Assembléia Geral Ordinária e Extraordinária datada de 19.04.2002 que especificam a administração da sociedade a um Diretor Presidente (acionista Chuhachi Yadoya) e a um Diretor Industrial (o apelante), bem assim a declaração em interrogatório. 3. A existência de dificuldades financeiras na empresa pode, em determinados casos, configurar causa de exclusão da ilicitude, por estado de necessidade, ou em causa de exclusão da culpabilidade, por inexigibilidade de conduta diversa. A prova das alegadas dificuldades financeiras incumbe ao réu, nos termos do artigo 156 do Código de Processo penal. 4. A prova produzida pela defesa não se apresenta suficiente à comprovação da alegação de impossibilidade de recolhimento das contribuições previdenciárias em razão das dificuldades financeiras apresentadas pela empresa. 5. Condenação de rigor pela imputação do artigo 168-A, §1º, I, do Código Penal. Alto valor do débito previdenciário. Consequência desfavorável do crime. 6. A NFLD nº 35.468.912-6 e o Discriminativo Analítico de Débito referem-se à sonegação que tem base de cálculo valores pagos a autônomos e a cooperativas, nada referindo “à remuneração paga aos empregados da filial 002 da referida empresa, no período que vai de 07/1999 a 10/2002“. 7. Também no Auto de Infração nº 35.468.807-3 inexiste qualquer menção a “valores pagos a empregados da filial 002 da empresa“ da empresa Yadoya, capazes de gerar a sonegação descrita no artigo 337-A, III, do Código Penal. 8. Inépcia parcial da denúncia quanto à descrição do comportamento de sonegação fiscal pautada em omissão do cômputo de “remuneração paga aos empregados da filial 002 da referida empresa, no período que vai de 07/1999 a 10/2002“. 9. A conduta delituosa de sonegação fiscal do artigo 337-A, III, do Código Penal, antes da entrada em vigor da Lei nº 9.983/200, era tipificada no artigo 1º da Lei nº 8.137/90, considerando-se que “contribuição previdenciária“ é tributo. 10. Não há se falar em atipicidade da conduta anteriormente à entrada em vigor da Lei nº 9.983/2000. 11. A materialidade e a autoria delitiva do crime do artigo 337-A, III, do Código Penal, relativamente aos fatos narrados nos itens b e c da denúncia, quais sejam, (b) aos valores pagos às cooperativas, referentes ao período de 03/2000 a 10/2001, incidentes sobre a remuneração dos empregados e (c) aos valores pagos a título de prestação de serviço de pessoa física - contribuinte individual (antigo autônomo), no período de 03/2000 a 02/2003, restaram demonstradas pelo conjunto probatório produzido nos autos. 12. A NFLD nº 35.468.912-6, acompanhada dos documentos contábeis da empresa, demonstra que o empresário deixou de declarar valores pagos a título de prestação de serviço de pessoa física - contribuinte individual (antigo autônomo) - e valores pagos a Cooperativas, em GFIP, ensejando a supressão/redução de tributo e gerando crédito tributário de R$ 201.973,65. 13. A autoria delitiva imputada a Ivon Tomomassa Yadoya está evidenciada pelas Atas de Assembléias da sociedade anônima, revelando a efetiva participação do apelante na administração societária, especialmente a Ata da Assembléia Geral Extraordinária datada de 19.11.1992 e a Ata da Assembléia Geral Ordinária e Extraordinária datada de 19.04.2002 que especificam a administração da sociedade a um Diretor Presidente (acionista Chuhachi Yadoya) e a um Diretor Industrial (o apelante), bem assim a declaração em interrogatório. 14. Na primeira fase de fixação da pena do artigo 337-A, III, do Código Penal é possível estabelecer aumento na pena-base, para fixá-la em 2 (dois) anos e 4 (quatro) meses de reclusão e 11 (onze) dias-multa, levando-se em conta o montante significativo do débito gerado pela conduta do réu (R$ 201.973,65 - sem juros e multa - para setembro/2003 - fls. 13), a evidenciar a desfavorabilidade da circunstância judicial “consequência do crime“.15. Quanto ao pedido de majoração da pena-base pautada na “intensa culpabilidade por receber pro labore durante o período delitivo“, revela-se insuficiente a alegação para a exasperação da pena. 16. Quanto ao pedido de majoração da pena-base ao argumento de que o réu ostenta “personalidade voltada à prática de ilícitos fiscais“, também improcede, porque o atual entendimento consolidado na Súmula 444 do Colendo Superior Tribunal de Justiça desautoriza a exasperação se não houver condenação definitiva, como no caso dos autos, consoante certidões dos autos.17. Concurso formal e continuidade delitiva. 18. Apelações parcialmente providas.

Rel. Des. Silvia Rocha

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