Apelação Criminal Nº 0007597-59.2009.4.03.6119/sp

Penal. Apelação criminal. Tráfico transnacional de drogas e associação para o tráfico( arts. 33, caput e 35, caput, c/c art. 40, i da lei 11343/06). Flagrante preparado ou crime impossível: inocorrência: inexistência de agente provocador. Flagrante esperado: validade. Associação para o tráfico: ausência de provas de associação estável e permanente. Crime autônomo não configurado. Absolvição. Materialidade e autoria do crime de tráfico transnacional de drogas comprovadas. Condenação mantida dosimetria da pena: natureza e quantidade da droga: função determinante na fixação da pena-base. Confissão: fundamento da condenação: aplicação. Transnacionalidade do tráfico configurada: droga em vias de exportação: majorante mantida. Causa de redução de pena prevista no § 4º do art. 33 da lei 11343/06: inaplicabilidade: provas de envolvimento do corréu com organização criminosa. Substituição da pena privativa de liberdade por restritiva de direitos: impossibilidade: requisitos objetivos e subjetivos não preenchidos. 1 . Ocorre o flagrante preparado ou crime impossível quando há a presença de um agente provocador, policial ou terceiro, que, munido de meios para efetuar a prisão, induz o autor à prática do crime, viciando a sua vontade, e, logo em seguida, o prende em flagrante. Tal espécie de flagrante é inválida, diante da falta da vontade livre e espontânea do infrator que torna atípica sua conduta, pois a preparação torna impossível a consumação do crime. 2 . Não configurado, no caso, o flagrante preparado, mas sim o flagrante esperado, perfeitamente válido e que difere do flagrante preparado. Não houve um agente provocador que viciasse a vontade do corréu. A atividade policial não induziu o autor ao cometimento do crime nem colocou os réus em estado de flagrância, apenas exercendo vigilância velada sobre um deles, até que ambos foram surpreendidos, um deles portando cocaína que seria entregue ao outro para ser transportada ao exterior. 3 . Para a configuração do crime autônomo do art. 35, caput, da Lei 11343/06, exige-se a comprovação da existência de um vínculo associativo próprio, com divisão de tarefas, um ajuste prévio estável, duradouro e permanente entre os réus, (animus associativo) para a constituição de uma associação com fins criminosos, o que difere da mera reunião ocasional para a prática de determinado crime de tráfico ilícito de entorpecentes. 4 . A denúncia não descreveu os elementos exigidos ( estabilidade e permanência). As declarações dos réus e da testemunha que efetuou suas prisões atestaram apenas a ocorrência do crime de tráfico transnacional de drogas, não comprovando de forma veemente, que havia entre os réus, ou ainda entre eles e outros membros da organização, um vínculo estável e permanente para a prática do crime de tráfico, e sim apenas um concurso ocasional. 5 . Sentença parcialmente reformada, para a absolvição dos réus quanto à prática do crime de associação para o tráfico (art. 35, caput, da Lei 11.343/06). 6 . Comprovadas nos autos a materialidade e autoria do crime de tráfico transnacional de drogas (art. 33, caput, c/c o art. 40, I, da Lei 11.343/06) praticado pelo corréu Casmir Tochukwu Okoronta, que portava 1.810 g. (mil e oitocentos e dez gramas) de cocaína, a ser entregue ao corréu Carlos para ser levada ao exterior. Condenação mantida. 7 . A quantidade e a natureza da droga justificam a fixação da pena-base acima do mínimo legal, ainda que outras circunstâncias judiciais sejam favoráveis ao réu: Aplicação do art. 42 da Lei de drogas c/c o art. 59 do CP. Manutenção da pena-base do réu Casmir em cinco anos e seis meses de reclusão, pela prática do crime de tráfico de drogas. 8 . Aplica-se a atenuante da confissão na dosimetria da pena do réu sempre que for utilizada como um dos fundamentos para a condenação, ainda que parcial e não totalmente espontânea. Precedentes. 9 . Não há critérios legais para a valoração do “quantum“ a ser aplicado em razão da atenuante da confissão. Considerando as circunstâncias dos autos e os princípios da proporcionalidade, razoabilidade, necessidade e suficiência para a prevenção e repressão do crime, e dada a pouca relevância probatória da confissão diante da prisão em flagrante, redução efetuada em três meses. Pena diminuída para cinco anos e três meses de reclusão. 10. Mantida a aplicação da causa de aumento prevista no artigo 40, I, da Lei nº. 11.343/06 no patamar de um sexto. Comprovado que a droga estava em vias de ser levada para a Europa pelo corréu, é irrelevante que não tenha chegado a ultrapassar as fronteiras brasileiras. As ações delituosas previstas no caput do art. 33 da lei de drogas não admitem tentativa e constituem crimes de mera conduta, em que a lei não exige a ocorrência de qualquer resultado naturalístico. Mantida a aplicação da majorante no patamar mínimo fixado pelo Juiz (um sexto) sobre a pena-base ora reduzida para cinco anos e três meses de reclusão, perfazendo a pena de seis anos, um mês e quinze dias de reclusão, a ser cumprida em regime inicial fechado. 11 . Pena pecuniária reduzida nas mesmas proporções, estabelecida em (seiscentos e dez) dias-multa, no valor unitário fixado pela sentença. 12 . Impossibilidade de aplicação da causa de redução de pena prevista no § 4º do art. 33 da Lei de Drogas, pela ausência de atendimento aos pressupostos legais. Embora não tenha se associado de forma estável e permanente para a prática de tráfico e que seja a primeira vez que praticou, o papel que exerceu no presente delito, ao exercer a função de entregar a droga à pessoa que iria transportá-la ao exterior, qualifica o réu como integrante de organização criminosa e impede a concessão do benefício. 13. Impossibilidade de substituição da pena privativa de liberdade por restritiva de direitos, considerando o não preenchimento do requisito objetivo exigido pelo artigo 44 do CP. Ademais, a conversão não se mostra como medida social recomendável, diante do estímulo para a prática do tráfico de drogas, crime que causa grave lesão ao bem jurídico tutelado (saúde pública), sendo insuficiente para a prevenção e repressão do delito. Ainda que se admita a substituição das penas pelo fato de os estrangeiros serem iguais aos brasileiros perante a Constituição Federal, para a concessão será necessário que não estejam em situação irregular no país e que nele possuam residência fixa, o que não se verifica. 14 . Não há inconstitucionalidade nas normas previstas no art. 44 ou no § 4º do art. 33, ambos da Lei nº 11.343/06, até porque cabe ao legislador ordinário estabelecer as hipóteses de substituição das penas privativas de liberdade por penas restritivas de direitos, de tal sorte que as restrições legais em comento não são incompatíveis com a garantia constitucional da individualização de pena (artigo 5º, XLVI da Constituição Federal). E, no caso de tráfico de entorpecentes, nada mais fez o legislador do que dar concretude ao tratamento mais severo dispensado pela Carta Magna a delitos hediondos ou a ele assemelhados, como é a hipótese do tráfico ilícito de entorpecentes (artigo 5o., inciso XLIII da CF). 15 . Apelação ministerial a que se nega provimento. 16 . Apelação de Carlos Alex Pantoja Costa a que se dá provimento, para absolvê-lo da imputação do crime previsto no caput do art. 35 da Lei 11.343/06, com fundamento no art.386, VII do CPP. 17 . Apelação de Casmir Tochukwu Okoronta a que se dá parcial provimento, para absolvê-lo da imputação do crime previsto no caput do art. 35 da Lei 11.343/06, com fundamento no art.386, VII do CPP e para aplicar, na dosimetria de sua pena pela prática do crime do art. 33, caput, da Lei 11.343/06, a atenuante da confissão, reduzindo-a para 6 (seis) anos, 7 (sete) meses e 10 (dez) dias de reclusão e 670 (seiscentos e setenta) dias-multa.

Rel. Des. Antonio Cedenho

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