Apelação Criminal Nº 0001088-18.2010.404.7100/rs

Penal. Associação para o tráfico internacional de entorpecentes. Art. 35, caput, da lei nº 11.343/06. Competência da justiça federal. Conexão instrumental. Autoria. Materialidade. Comprovadas. Interceptação telefônica. Admissibilidade como meio de prova. Pena-base. Circunstâncias e consequências do crime. Quantidade e natureza de droga apreendida. Multa. Exclusão. Descabimento. Isenção pagamento de custas processuais. 1. Não obstante tratar-se de tráfico interno a conduta objeto da ação penal, justifica-se a competência da Justiça Federal para o seu processamento e julgamento pela conexão instrumental havida em relação a outro processo, no qual se imputa a corréu também a prática do crime do art. 35 da Lei nº 11.343, em face da associação entre os agentes com vistas ao narcotráfico internacional. Ainda que a facção estivesse dividida em células criminosas autônomas, geridas por líderes com poder de mando e influência, restou comprovado que se tratava de organização delituosa una, com hierarquia e divisão de tarefas entre os seus membros. Firmada competência da Justiça Federal para o julgamento. 2. Os sujeitos que se associam entre si para o fim de praticar, reiteradamente ou não, o crime do art. 33 da Lei nº 11.343/06 incorrem no tipo penal do art. 35, caput, da Lei. O delito de associação para o tráfico caracteriza-se por um vínculo associativo com características de estabilidade e permanência, cujo conjunto probatório deve ser induvidoso quanto a ser integrado pelo réu. A atuação em comunhão de esforços e unidade de desígnios entre os agentes com vistas à obtenção do resultado ilícito é suficiente para configurar o concurso de pessoas, mas não para integrar a figura do art. 35 da Lei nº 11.343/06. Mantida a condenação de corréus. Por outro lado, devem ser absolvidos os acusados com relação aos quais a fragilidade da instrução criminal não permite concluir que estavam, de fato, associados aos demais agentes para fins de narcotraficância. 3. Cabível a cisão da ação penal em situações em que o expressivo número de réus e de condutas incriminadas justifica a medida, a fim de se evitar tumulto processual e a demora no julgamento. Inteligência do art. 80 do CPP. 4. A escuta telefônica autorizada judicialmente e executada nos termos da Lei n.º 9.296/96 pode e deve ser admitida como prova da acusação. Possibilidade de demonstração da autoria através da interceptação telefônica, mormente em se tratando de tráfico de drogas, crime de difícil apuração. Sobre a renovação das autorizações por mais de uma vez, o STF, em decisão recente, já decidiu pela sua possibilidade desde que devidamente fundamentadas e necessárias, como na hipótese (Inq nº 2.424/RJ). Inocorre violação ao art. 8º da Lei nº 9.296/96 quando for fisicamente impossível o apensamento de todos os procedimentos relativos à escuta telefônica e os autos estiverem disponíveis na Secretaria do Juízo processante para livre acesso das partes. 5. Admite-se a utilização da prova emprestada no processo penal quando oportunizado à defesa sobre ela manifestar-se e desde que a condenação encontre supedâneo nos demais subsídios de persuasão presentes nos autos. 6. É formal o crime capitulado no art. 35 da Lei n.º 11.343/06, de forma que a consumação ocorre com a prova efetiva do desígnio de convergência de vontades entre os agentes para o fim de traficar droga. A comprovação da materialidade não depende da apreensão do entorpecente. 7. Da mesma forma que incumbe à acusação provar a existência do fato e demonstrar sua autoria, assim como o elemento subjetivo, é ônus da defesa, a teor do art. 156, 1ª parte, do CPP, certificar a verossimilhança das teses invocadas em seu favor. A técnica genérica de negativa de autoria dissociada do contexto probatório não tem o condão de repelir a sentença condenatória. 8. Possível o aumento da pena-base quando as consequências do crime, em face da distribuição e comercialização do entorpecente no País, e as circunstâncias do delito, diante da natureza do narcótico visado pela associação criminosa (cocaína) e do poder de ingerência do réu sobre os demais corréus, são negativas. A presença de circunstância judicial negativa ao réu justifica um agravamento da pena pouco acima do mínimo legal, ficando tanto mais distante quanto mais forem as vetoriais desfavoráveis. 9. A precária situação financeira do réu não autoriza a exclusão da multa, pois é defeso ao julgador restringir o alcance da norma penal incriminadora, especialmente quando a alegação não encontra lastro no quadro probatório. 10. Compete ao juiz da execução apreciar o pedido de isenção do pagamento de custas processuais. Precedente do STJ.

Rel. Des. Paulo Afonso Brum Vaz

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