Apelação Criminal 0009784-73.2008.4.05.8300

Penal. Apelação. Descaminho (art. 334, caput e § 1º, “c“ do cp) e uso de documento falso (art. 304 c/c 298 do cp). Apreensão de encomenda na agência dos correios. Prova ilícita. Quebra de sigilo de correspondência. Inocorrência. Princípio da insignificância. Não Aplicação. Constituição definitiva do crédito tributário. Desnecessidade. Dolo Comprovado. Absorção do descaminho pelo uso de documento falso. Princípio major Absorvet minorem. Dosimetria. 1. “A apreensão de encomenda postal, ainda nos Correios, não atenta contra a inviolabilidade indicada no art. 5º, XII, da Constituição da República, eis que, para os fins dos valores tutelados, encomenda não é correspondência, não configurando prova ilícita nem violação ao sigilo a abertura de encomenda, contendo mercadoria estrangeira com fins comerciais, quando o pode ser realizada de ofício pela fiscalização aduaneira.“ (TRF5, 4ª T, RSE 1283-PE, rel. MARGARIDA CANTARELLI, DJ 15.09.2009). 2. A aplicação do princípio da insignificância não se atrela, exclusivamente, ao valor do tributo não recolhido, sendo necessário apreciar outros requisitos relevantes, tal como a prática do crime de uso de documento falso na tentativa de assegurar a impunidade do crime de descaminho, configurador de maior lesividade à ordem jurídica. 3. A pena administrativa de perdimento dos bens impede a própria constituição definitiva do crédito tributário, já que a referida sanção substitui a incidência do imposto, conforme indica o artigo 71, III, do Regulamento Aduaneiro (Decreto nº. 6.759/09). Inaplicabilidade do entendimento consagrado na Súmula n.º 24 do STF. 4. O dolo restou suficientemente delineado nos autos, porquanto o crime em comento não foi um ato isolado na vida da recorrente, que trabalhava no comércio de produtos eletrônicos, possuindo uma banca na Feira dos Importados/DF, comercializando com habitualidade produtos de procedência estrangeira desacompanhados de documentação idônea. 5. Verificando-se que a utilização do documento falso se deu em momento posterior ao descaminho, no intuito de garantir a ocultação do crime executado anteriormente, deve-se aplicar o princípio major absorvet minorem, restando o crime menos grave (descaminho) absorvido pelo delito mais severamente apenado (uso de documento falso). 6. Redução da pena privativa de liberdade e do quantitativo de dias-multa, por não ter o magistrado fundamentado adequadamente a maior reprovabilidade na conduta da ré, uma vez que teceu considerações acerca de elementar do tipo e em relação ao valor das mercadorias apreendidas, o qual, na verdade, não excedeu o limite do débito para ajuizamento de uma execução fiscal. 7. Apelação provida, em parte, para afastar a condenação pelo crime de descaminho (art. 334/CP), e reduzir as penas aplicadas em relação ao crime de uso de documento falso, fixando-as, definitivamente, em 1 (um) ano de reclusão e 10 (dez) dias-multa, à razão de 1/10 (um décimo) do salário mínimo vigente à época do fato.

Rel. Des. Francisco Wildo Lacerda Dantas

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