Habeas Corpus Nº 89.960/es

Rufianismo e tráfico de pessoas. Prisão preventiva. Sentença condenatória estipulando o regime semi-aberto. Incompatibilidade com a prisão cautelar.

Rel. Min. Arnaldo Esteves Lima


RELATÓRIO - MINISTRO ARNALDO ESTEVES LIMA:
Trata-se de habeas corpus substitutivo de recurso ordinário, com pedido liminar, impetrado em favor de (a) ALTOMIR GOMES CARDOSO JÚNIOR, condenado à pena de 5 (cinco) anos e 10 (dez) meses de reclusão, em regime semi-aberto, pela prática, em continuidade delitiva, dos delitos previstos nos arts. 231, caput, c/c os arts. 65, III, d, e 29, caput; e 230, caput, c/c o art. 29, caput, todos do Código Penal; e (b) WESLEY DE SOUZA RAMOS, condenado à pena de 5 (cinco) anos e 10 (dez) meses de reclusão, em regime semi-aberto, pela prática, em continuidade delitiva, dos delitos previstos nos arts. 231, caput, c/c os arts. 65, III, d, e 29, caput; e 230, caput, c/c o art. 29, caput, e § 1º do art. 29, todos do Código Penal. Insurgem-se as impetrantes contra acórdão proferido pelo Tribunal Regional Federal da 2ª Região que denegou a ordem ali impetrada (HC 2007.02.01.006476-1), mantendo a prisão preventiva dos pacientes. Sustentam, em síntese, que “tendo sido fixado o regime semi-aberto para o cumprimento inicial da pena, deve ser concedida a liberdade provisória a fim de que possam os pacientes, primários, de bons antecedentes e com domicílio certo, aguardarem o julgamento do recurso em liberdade, vez que a fixação do regime semi-aberto não se coaduna com a negativa de recorrer em liberdade“ (fl. 21). Requerem, assim, a concessão de liminar e, no mérito, a sua confirmação para que os pacientes possam aguardar o julgamento do processo em liberdade. O pedido formulado em sede de cognição sumária foi por mim indeferido (fls. 96/97). Naquela oportunidade, solicitadas informações à autoridade apontada como coatora, foram elas prestadas (fls. 106/108). O Ministério Público Federal, por meio do parecer exarado pelo Subprocurador-Geral da República HENRIQUE FAGUNDES FILHO, opinou pela concessão parcial da ordem, ressaltando que “O regime fixado na sentença fora o semi-aberto, não se verificando, em nenhum momento, a existência de motivo concreto a justificar a aplicação de regime mais gravoso“ (fl. 112). É o relatório.

 
VOTO - MINISTRO ARNALDO ESTEVES LIMA (Relator):
Como relatado, pretendem as impetrantes a concessão da ordem para que os pacientes sejam colocados em liberdade, uma vez que, condenados ao cumprimento da pena em regime semi-aberto, mostra-se incompatível a manutenção das custódias cautelares. A ordem deve ser concedida. Na hipótese em exame, os pacientes foram condenados às penas de 5 (cinco) anos e 10 (dez) meses de reclusão, em regime semi-aberto, pela prática dos delitos de tráfico de pessoas e rufianismo. Assim, estipulado o regime inicial semi-aberto para cumprimento da pena, mostra-se incompatível com a condenação a manutenção da prisão preventiva – antes decretada e conservada na sentença condenatória para negar ao paciente o apelo em liberdade –, ainda que a acusação tenha recorrido. Nesse sentido, o Superior Tribunal de Justiça já decidido que, “Constatada a prolação de sentença condenatória, com aplicação de regime semi-aberto para cumprimento da reprimenda, mostra-se ilegal a manutenção da prisão preventiva do paciente“ (HC 51.420/MS, Rel. Min. NAPOLEÃO NUNES MAIA FILHO, Quinta Turma, DJ 3/9/07). Desse modo, “fixado na sentença condenatória o regime semi-aberto para o início do cumprimento da pena aplicada, é direito do réu aguardar o julgamento de eventual recurso de apelação em liberdade, se por outro motivo não estiver preso“ (HC 42.402/RJ, de minha relatoria, Quinta Turma, DJ 26/9/05). Com esse entendimento: PROCESSUAL PENAL. HABEAS CORPUS. SEQÜESTRO E COAÇÃO NO CURSO DO PROCESSO. PRISÃO PREVENTIVA. SUPERVENIENTE CONDENAÇÃO EM REGIME SEMI-ABERTO. ORDEM CONCEDIDA. 1. Na hipótese em exame, o paciente foi condenado à pena de 5 (cinco) anos e 4 (quatro) meses de reclusão, em regime inicial semi-aberto, pela prática dos delitos previstos nos arts. 148, caput, e 344, ambos do Código Penal. 2. Assim, estipulado o regime inicial semi-aberto para cumprimento da pena, mostra-se incompatível com a condenação a manutenção da prisão preventiva – antes decretada e conservada na sentença condenatória para negar ao paciente o apelo em liberdade –, ainda que a acusação tenha recorrido. 3. Ordem concedida, sem prejuízo de ser novamente decretada a prisão preventiva do paciente por outros fundamentos. (HC 80.631/SP, de minha relatoria, Quinta Turma, DJ 22/10/07) HABEAS CORPUS . PENAL. ROUBO QUALIFICADO. RECONHECIMENTO DE DUAS QUALIFICADORAS. AUMENTO DE PENA FIXADO EM 3/8. AUSÊNCIA DE CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS CONCRETAS QUE INDIQUEM A NECESSIDADE DE EXASPERAÇÃO ACIMA DO MÍNIMO LEGAL. CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS JUDICIAIS RECONHECIDAS COMO FAVORÁVEIS. FIXAÇÃO DE REGIME PRISIONAL MAIS GRAVOSO. ILEGALIDADE. DIREITO DE APELAR EM LIBERDADE RECONHECIDO. ORDEM CONCEDIDA. 5. A manutenção da prisão preventiva, quando fixado o regime inicial semi-aberto para o início do cumprimento da pena aplicada, negando ao réu o direito de recorrer em liberdade, constitui constrangimento ilegal, porque agrava indevidamente a sua situação, no caso de optar pela interposição do recurso de apelação, além de revelar, inclusive, um contra-senso, dada a natureza da pena aplicada, sua quantidade e o tempo de duração do encarceramento absoluto durante a instrução processual. Precedentes. 6. Ordem concedida para fixar o regime prisional semi-aberto como início do cumprimento da pena aplicada à paciente, bem como para que ela possa aguardar em liberdade o julgamento do recurso de apelação, se por outro motivo não estiver presa; e de ofício para redimensionar a sua pena para 6 (seis) anos, 2 (dois) meses e 20 (vinte) dias de reclusão. (HC 63.605/SP, de minha relatoria, Quinta Turma, DJ 12/3/07) PROCESSUAL PENAL. HABEAS CORPUS . PRISÃO PREVENTIVA. AUSÊNCIA DOS FUNDAMENTOS. SENTENÇA PENAL CONDENATÓRIA. PREJUDICADO. DIREITO DE APELAR EM LIBERDADE. REGIME SEMI-ABERTO. III - Se, na r. sentença condenatória, foi fixado o regime semi-aberto como o inicial de cumprimento da pena, deverá o réu aguardar o julgamento do recurso de apelação em liberdade, se por al não estiver preso. Habeas corpus prejudicado, com concessão de ofício, por outros motivos. (HC 27.270/DF, Rel. Min. FELIX FISCHER, Quinta Turma, 12/8/03) Ante o exposto, concedo a ordem para garantir aos pacientes o direito de aguardar o julgamento do recurso de apelação interposto em liberdade, se por outro motivo não estiverem presos. É como voto.

 
EMENTA -
PROCESSUAL PENAL. HABEAS CORPUS . RUFIANISMO E TRÁFICO DE PESSOAS. PRISÃO PREVENTIVA. SENTENÇA CONDENATÓRIA ESTIPULANDO O REGIME SEMI-ABERTO. INCOMPATIBILIDADE COM A PRISÃO CAUTELAR. ORDEM CONCEDIDA. 1. Na hipótese em exame, os paciente foram condenados às penas de 5 (cinco) anos e 10 (dez) meses de reclusão, em regime inicial semi-aberto, pela prática dos delitos de rufianismo e tráfico de pessoas. 2. Assim, estipulado o regime inicial semi-aberto para cumprimento da pena, mostra-se incompatível com a condenação a manutenção da prisão preventiva – antes decretada e conservada na sentença condenatória para negar ao paciente o apelo em liberdade –, ainda que a acusação tenha recorrido. 3. Ordem concedida para garantir aos pacientes o direito de aguardar o julgamento do recurso de apelação interposto em liberdade, se por outro motivo não estiverem presos.

 
ACÓRDÃO -
Vistos, relatados e discutidos os autos em que são partes as acima indicadas, acordam os Ministros da Quinta Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, por unanimidade, conceder a ordem, nos termos do voto do Sr. Ministro Relator. Os Srs. Ministros Napoleão Nunes Maia Filho, Jane Silva (Desembargadora convocada do TJ/MG), Felix Fischer e Laurita Vaz votaram com o Sr. Ministro Relator. Brasília (DF), 11 de dezembro de 2007 (Data do Julgamento)


 

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