Recurso Em Habeas Corpus Nº 22.301/mtRecurso Em Habeas Corpus Nº 22.301/mt

Recurso ordinário em habeas corpus .Intempestividade. Inconformismo conhecido como writ substitutivo. Formação de quadrilha resistência qualificada e desobediência. Excesso de prazo. Matéria não debatida pela instância de Origem. Impossibilidade de análise por esta Corte. Supressão de instância. Não conhecimento nesse ponto. Prisão preventiva. Medida extrema devidamente justificada pelas circunstâncias concretas dos autos. Segregação necessária à garantia da ordem pública. Coação ilegal não verificada. Denegação da ordem.

Rel. Min. Jorge Mussi

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Intempestividade. Inconformismo conhecido como writ substitutivo. Formação de quadrilha, resistência qualificada e desobediência. Excesso de prazo. Matéria não debatida pela instância de origem. Impossibilidade de análise pela Corte. Supressão de instância. Não conhecimento nesse ponto. Prisão preventiva. Medida extrema devidamente justificada pelas circunstâncias concretas dos autos. Segregação necessária à garantia da ordem pública. Coação ilegal não verificada.

Rel. Min. Jorge Mussi


RELATÓRIO - SENHOR MINISTRO JORGE MUSSI (Relator):
Trata-se de recurso ordinário em habeas corpus interposto em favor de ELIFAZ ESMAEL DE SOUZA, preso preventivamente e em seguida denunciado pela suposta prática dos delitos de formação de quadrilha, resistência qualificada e desobediência, impugnando acórdão do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Mato Grosso que denegou a ordem anteriormente impetrada, por meio da qual se objetivava a revogação de sua custódia cautelar (HC nº 43899/2007). Alega o recorrente estar sofrendo constrangimento ilegal, em razão do excesso de prazo para o término da instrução criminal, uma vez que se encontra preso há mais tempo do que determina a lei. Aduz, por fim, a ilegalidade da manutenção da preventiva no caso, sob pena de ofensa ao princípio constitucional da inocência, uma vez inexistirem nos autos fatos concretos de que, solto, possa o paciente perturbar a ordem pública. Sustenta, assim, não se encontrarem presentes os requisitos para a continuidade do seqüestro cautelar, além de ser o paciente primário, portador de bons antecedentes, com emprego e residência fixos, sendo ainda responsável pelo provimento de sua família. Rebatido o recurso, o Ministério Público Federal opinou pelo seu improvimento (267/268). É o relatório.

 
VOTO - O SENHOR MINISTRO JORGE MUSSI (Relator):
Embora ausente um dos pressupostos objetivos extrínsecos para a admissão do recurso, qual seja, a tempestividade, pois da Certidão de fls. 205 percebe-se que a intimação da decisão recorrida deu-se em 31/7/2007 e a irresignação somente foi interposta em 13/8/2007 (fls. 212), quando já transcorrido o prazo legal de 5 (cinco) dias previsto no art. 30 da Lei 8.038/90, é possível o seu conhecimento como writ substitutivo, em homenagem ao princípio da ampla defesa, consoante inúmeros precedentes desta Corte Superior. Nesse sentido: RHC nº 22.060/SP, rel. Min. LAURITA VAZ, Quinta Turma, j. em 8/11/2007 e no RHC nº 21.738/MS, rel. Min. NAPOLEÃO NUNES MAIA FILHO, Quinta Turma, j. em 4/10/2007. No mérito, conforme relatado, o paciente encontra-se preso preventivamente desde 17 de maio de 2007, pela suposta prática do cometimento dos delitos de formação de quadrilha, resistência qualificada e desobediência. Irresignada, a defesa impetrou habeas corpus em seu favor, objetivando a revogação de sua custódia preventiva. O ordem foi denegada em acórdão assim sumariado (fls. 225/226): “PROCESSUAL PENAL. HABEAS CORPUS. REVOGAÇÃO DA PRISÃO PREVENTIVA. ALEGAÇÃO DE AUSÊNCIA DE MENÇÃO AO INCISO ESPECÍFICO DO ART. 312 DO CPP NO DECRETO PREVENTIVO. IMPROCEDÊNCIA. DECISUM QUE APONTOU A EFETIVA PRESENÇA DO REQUISITO DA GARANTIA DA ORDEM PÚBLICA. INEXISTÊNCIA DE INCISO NO REFERIDO DISPOSITIVO LEGAL. ALEGADA INEXISTÊNCIA DE INDICIAMENTO, PORTARIA OU ATO POLICIAL PARA AMPARAR A CUSTÓDIA. IRRELEVÂNCIA. CUSTÓDIA CAUTELAR POSSÍVEL DE SER DECRETADA A QUALQUER MOMENTO PROCESSUAL, DESDE QUE PRESENTES SEUS REQUISITOS. ARGÜIÇÃO DE NULIDADE, ANTE A AUSÊNCIA DE REPRESENTAÇÃO DA VÍTIMA. INOCORRÊNCIA. BOLETIM DE OCORRÊNCIA VÁLIDO COMO REPRESENTAÇÃO. ARGUMENTO DE SER O CRIME DE COMPETÊNCIA DO JUIZADO ESPECIAL E DE NÃO SE VERIFICAR O REQUISITO DO ART. 313, II, DO CPP. IMPROCEDÊNCIA. DENÚNCIA JÁ OFERECIDA E RECEBIDA IMPUTANDO A PRÁTICA DOS CRIMES DE FORMAÇÃO DE QUADRILHA, RESISTÊNCIA QUALIFICADA E DESOBEDIÊNCIA. DECRETO PREVENTIVO DEVIDAMENTE FUNDAMENTADO NA NECESSIDADE DA GARANTIA DA ORDEM PÚBLICA COM INDICAÇÃO DE ELEMENTOS CONCRETOS DOS AUTOS. PROVA DA MATERIALIDADE E INDÍCIOS SUFICIENTES DE AUTORIA. CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS PESSOAIS FAVORÁVEIS. IRRELEVÂNCIA. ORDEM DENEGADA. “Não merece prosperar o argumento de ausência de indicação do inciso do art. 312 do CPP, quando o decisum apontou um de seus requisitos, mormente quando se constata que referido dispositivo legal não possui qualquer inciso. “O decreto preventivo pode ser proferido a qualquer momento, antes do trânsito em julgado da sentença, desde que presentes seus requisitos. “É válido como representação da vítima o registro da ocorrência perante a autoridade policial. “Deve ser afastado o argumento de ser o crime de competência do juizado especial, bem como de não se verificar o requisito do art. 313, II, do CPP, ante a existência de denúncia já oferecida e recebida imputando ao paciente a prática dos crimes de formação de quadrilha, resistência qualificada e desobediência. “Impõe-se a manutenção da segregação cautelar devidamente fundamentada na prova da materialidade, na existência de indícios suficientes da autoria e garantia da ordem pública, com referência a elementos concretos dos autos. “As circunstâncias pessoais favoráveis não ensejam, por si só, o direito à liberdade, se existentes nos autos outros elementos que recomendem a manutenção da custódia“. Do acima exposto, verifica-se que a questão do excesso de prazo para o término da instrução criminal não foi debatida pelo Tribunal de origem, o que impossibilita a sua apreciação nesta Corte, sob pena de indevida supressão de instância, conforme reiterada jurisprudência deste Tribunal. Com relação à suscitada ilegalidade da prisão cautelar, vale transcrever, por oportuno, os fundamentos - em parte reproduzidos pelo aresto ora atacado – da decisão proferida pelo Juízo de Direito da Comarca de Nova Monte Verde/MT que, ao decretar a segregação preventiva do paciente, assim manifestou (fls. 56/58): “Dispõe o art. 312 do CPP que, desde que presentes a prova da materialidade e indícios de autoria, a prisão preventiva pode ser decretada em qualquer fase do inquérito ou do processo, entre outros motivos, para garantia da ordem pública. “No caso presente, extraem-se dos documentos carreados aos autos, a prática de diversos crimes, entre eles, esbulho possessório, ameaça, resistência qualificada, desobediência e formação de quadrilha. “Todos esses atos decorrem de duas ações possessórias atualmente em trâmite nesta Comarca, uma proposta por Ondina Silva Donida e outra por Madeireira Juara Ltda, ambas ajuizadas em face de Elifas Esmael de Souza e Outros. Em ambos os processos, liminares de reintegração de posse foram deferidas aos autores, conferindo-se o prazo de 48 horas para que os réus desocupassem as áreas espontaneamente. “Ocorre que, além de não obedecerem espontaneamente ao mandamento judicial, resistiram ao ato, mediante ameaças ao Meirinhos e obstrução das estradas de acesso, obrigando-se a retornar à sede da Comarca em busca de maior reforço policial, para só então poderem dar efetivo cumprimento às referidas ordens judiciais. “Conforme retratam todas as certidões dos oficiais de justiça constantes neste processo, sempre liderados por Elifaz Esmael, os réus reiteradamente descumpriram as referidas ordens, voltando a invadir as áreas em litígio e opondo forte resistência à atuação da justiça, inclusive através de ameaças de quebra-quebra no prédio do Fórum, e à integridade das pessoas dos oficiais de justiça e desta Magistrada. “Em que pese as condutas dos membros do grupo não estejam totalmente individualizadas, é certo que toda a documentação carreada aos autos, indica que o representado Elifaz Esmael de Souza é quem encabeça a atividade do grupo, que apesar de se intitular uma associação de trabalhadores sem-terra, está indubitavelmente desvirtuada de tais propósitos, agindo ao arrepio da lei, e causando extrema desordem, ganhando em última análise traços característicos de uma organização criminosa, em autêntica formação de quadrilha. “É inadmissível que o Judiciário assista passivamente ao levante de grupos que desafiam as suas decisões através da força, limitando-se a expedir mandados de revigoramento sucessivos, com arbitramento de multas, que de fato são sabidamente inexecutáveis. Pelo contrário, a nosso ver, esse é o caso que merece a mais firme reposta possível, pois nada abala mais a ordem pública do que o desacato aos mandamentos judiciais, eis que isso traduz verdadeira anarquia. “No caso específico desses autos, temos que, a persistir essa situação, estar-se-á admitindo a instalação do caos social. Os conflitos de maior incidência em nossa Comarca são de cunho possessório, e ao se difundir entre os populares a idéia de que a força física dos grupos de sem-terra é capaz de obstruir a atuação da Justiça, o Poder Judiciário cai em completo descrédito, fazendo com que o jurisdicionado volte inevitavelmente aos tempos da auto-tutela. “[...]. “Isto posto, estando presentes os requisitos e fundamentos legais, DECRETO A PRISÃO PREVENTIVA do acusado Elifaz Esmael de Souza, devidamente qualificado nos autos, com esteio no art. 312 do CPP, como forma de garantia da ordem pública“. Nesse contexto, entende-se que a manutenção da prisão provisória encontra-se devidamente fundamentada na garantia da ordem pública. Com efeito, diante dos fatos narrados pelo decisum acima transcrito, em parte reproduzidos no aresto atacado, existem fortes indícios de ser o paciente líder de uma quadrilha de sem-terras, que atua com o intuito de causar vandalismo e invasões de propriedades, e que vem desrespeitando, reiteradamente, os mandamentos da Justiça e proferindo sérias ameaças aos seus serventuários. Ademais, os autos dão conta de que “os oficiais de justiça que se dirigiam aos locais esbulhados, por várias vezes, eram recebidos por um significativo número de pessoas, sob o comando do presidente da 'Associação', Elifaz Esmael de Souza“ (fls. 200). Dessa forma, como bem acentuou o Tribunal de origem: “Destarte, além de existirem provas da materialidade delitiva e indícios suficientes da autoria, cujo exame mais aprofundado é defeso na via estreita do writ, entendo que a medida extrema encontra-se devidamente fundamentada na necessidade da garantia da ordem pública, indicada por elementos concretos dos autos, mesmo porque os ilícitos, além de terem como causa ações possessórias em trâmite na Comarca de Nova Monte Verde/MT, geraram efetiva comoção na sociedade, instalando a insegurança e gerando resistência às ordens judiciais, ameaças, obstrução de estradas, invasão de fazendas, onde foram constatados estragos a bens de terceiros, imperando-se, pois, a manutenção da segregação cautelar do paciente, diante da real possibilidade de reiteração delitiva“ (fls. 200/201). Assim, demonstrada, com base em elementos concretos dos autos, a presença do periculum libertatis , justificada está a continuidade da custódia preventiva imposta ao paciente para a garantia da ordem pública, segundo orientação desta Corte, da qual é exemplo o seguinte julgado: “HABEAS CORPUS. PROCESSUAL PENAL. CRIMES DE ROUBO, FORMAÇÃO DE QUADRILHA, RECEPTAÇÃO E ADULTERAÇÃO DE SINAL IDENTIFICADOR DE VEÍCULO. NEGATIVA DE AUTORIA. INVIABILIDADE NA VIA ELEITA. PRISÃO PREVENTIVA. REQUISITOS DO ART. 312 DO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO PENAL. FUNDAMENTAÇÃO. ORDEM PÚBLICA. PACIENTE INTEGRANTE DE QUADRILHA ARMADA PERFEITAMENTE ORGANIZADA PARA A PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADE CRIMINOSA. EXCESSO DE PRAZO PARA A CONCLUSÃO DO INQUÉRITO POLICIAL. SUPERVENIÊNCIA DO OFERECIMENTO DA DENÚNCIA. “1. Quanto à alegação de negativa de autoria, como é sabido, a via escolhida do habeas corpus não comporta o exame de tal pretensão, em razão da necessidade de se analisar todo o conjunto probatório até então colhido, mormente se o juízo monocrático, a partir do cotejo probatório produzido, vislumbrou elementos probatórios coerentes e válidos a ensejar o recebimento da denúncia, bem como a decretação da prisão preventiva do ora Paciente. “2. A decretação da prisão cautelar foi satisfatoriamente motivada ao salientar a necessidade da segregação do ora Paciente para se preservar a ordem pública e evitar, assim, a reiteração e a continuidade da atividade ilícita que, conforme restou bem destacado, não foi cessada nem mesmo com a prisão de dois dos seus membros . “3. A real possibilidade de reiteração criminosa, constatada pelas evidências concretas do caso em tela, é suficiente para fundamentar a segregação do Paciente para a garantia da ordem pública. “4. Oferecida a denúncia, resta superado eventual excesso de prazo para a conclusão do inquérito policial. “5. Ordem denegada. Fica prejudicado o RHC 20.649/RS, por se tratar de mera reiteração do presente pedido“ (HC nº 73.363/RS, rel. Min. LAURITA VAZ, Quinta Turma, j. em 22-5-2007). “PROCESSUAL PENAL. RECURSO ORDINÁRIO EM HABEAS CORPUS. ART. 14 DA LEI Nº 6.368/76 (ANTIGA LEI DE TÓXICOS) E ART. 1º, I E VII, DA LEI Nº 9.613/98. PRISÃO PREVENTIVA. INDÍCIOS SUFICIENTES DE AUTORIA. FUNDAMENTAÇÃO. “I - Para a decretação da custódia cautelar, exigem-se indícios suficientes de autoria e não a prova cabal da mesma, o que somente poderá ser verificado em eventual decisum condenatório, após a devida instrução dos autos (Precedentes do STJ). “II - Resta devidamente fundamentado o decreto prisional, com o reconhecimento da materialidade do delito e de indícios de autoria, e expressa menção à situação concreta que se caracteriza pela garantia da ordem pública tendo em vista a periculosidade do recorrente, identificado como integrante de uma organização criminosa voltada ao tráfico ilícito de entorpecentes (Precedentes). Recurso desprovido“ (RHC nº 20292/SP, rel. Ministro FELIX FISCHER, Quinta Turma, j. em 6-2-2007) Por fim, como cediço: “Condições pessoais favoráveis como primariedade, bons antecedentes e residência fixa no distrito da culpa, não têm o condão de, por si só, garantirem aos pacientes a liberdade provisória, se há nos autos, elementos hábeis a recomendar a manutenção de suas custódias cautelares“ (HC nº 57.600/BA, rel. Min. FELIX FISCHER, Quinta Turma, j. em 13-3-2007). Diante do exposto, ante a intempestividade do recurso ordinário em habeas corpus , dele se conhece parcialmente como writ substitutivo e nesta parte denega-se a ordem. É o voto.

 
EMENTA -
RECURSO ORDINÁRIO EM HABEAS CORPUS . INTEMPESTIVIDADE. INCONFORMISMO CONHECIDO COMO WRIT SUBSTITUTIVO. FORMAÇÃO DE QUADRILHA, RESISTÊNCIA QUALIFICADA E DESOBEDIÊNCIA. EXCESSO DE PRAZO. MATÉRIA NÃO DEBATIDA PELA INSTÂNCIA DE ORIGEM. IMPOSSIBILIDADE DE ANÁLISE POR ESTA CORTE. SUPRESSÃO DE INSTÂNCIA. NÃO CONHECIMENTO NESSE PONTO. PRISÃO PREVENTIVA. MEDIDA EXTREMA DEVIDAMENTE JUSTIFICADA PELAS CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS CONCRETAS DOS AUTOS. SEGREGAÇÃO NECESSÁRIA À GARANTIA DA ORDEM PÚBLICA. COAÇÃO ILEGAL NÃO VERIFICADA. DENEGAÇÃO DA ORDEM. 1. Embora ausente um dos pressupostos objetivos extrínsecos para a admissão do recurso ordinário, qual seja, a tempestividade, é possível o seu conhecimento como writ substitutivo, em homenagem ao princípio da ampla defesa. Precedentes. 2. A questão do excesso de prazo para o término da instrução criminal não foi debatida pelo Tribunal de origem, o que impossibilita a sua apreciação por esta Corte, sob pena de indevida supressão de instância. 3. Encontrando-se presentes forte indícios de ser o recorrente líder de quadrilha de sem-terras, que atua com o intuito de causar vandalismo e invasões de propriedades, e que vem desrespeitando, reiteradamente, os mandamentos da justiça e proferindo sérias ameaças aos seus serventuários, justificada está a continuidade da custódia preventiva, para a garantia da ordem pública. 4. Ordem parcialmente conhecida e nesta parte denegada.

 
ACÓRDÃO -
Vistos, relatados e discutidos estes autos, acordam os Ministros da Quinta Turma do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, na conformidade dos votos e das notas taquigráficas a seguir, por unanimidade, conhecer parcialmente do recurso e, nessa parte, negar-lhe provimento. Os Srs. Ministros Felix Fischer, Laurita Vaz, Arnaldo Esteves Lima e Napoleão Nunes Maia Filho votaram com o Sr. Ministro Relator. Brasília (DF), 21 de fevereiro de 2008. (Data do Julgamento).

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