Recurso Especial Nº 848.531/rs

Execução penal. Recurso especial. Art. 42 do CP. Detração. Crime cometido posteriormente à prisão cautelar. Impossibilidade.

Rel. Min. Félix Fischer


RELATÓRIO O EXMO. SR. MINISTRO FELIX FISCHER:
Trata-se de recurso especial interposto com fulcro no art. 105, inciso III, alínea a, da Lex Fundamentalis, pelo Parquet, em face de v. acórdão prolatado pela c. Quinta Câmara Criminal do e. Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Consoante se depreende dos autos, o ora recorrido restou condenado à pena de 23 (vinte e três) anos, 01 (um) mês e 10 (dez) dias de reclusão, em regime fechado, por crimes ocorridos em 11/10/2001 e 07/12/2001. O Defensor postulou detração da pena em relação ao período de prisão cautelar por fato anterior a atual PEC, ou seja, do dia 21/06/2001 ao dia 11/10/2001, sendo que o M.M Juiz de Direito da Vara de Execuções Criminais da Comarca de Porto Alegre indeferiu o pedido, sob a alegação de que: “Quanto ao período de 21.6.2001 a 11.10.2001, indefiro o postulado, eis que, como se pode constatar na certidão de fl. 132, este recolhimento se deu por fato anterior ao que ora está condenado o apenado no presente PEC e pelo qual cumpre pena, com o que, tal período está fora do alcance previsto no art. 42 , da LEP.“ (fl. 61). Irresignada, a Defesa interpôs agravo em execução. A c. Quinta Câmara Criminal do e. Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por unanimidade, deu provimento ao recurso, para conceder a detração do período de 21/06/2001 à 11/10/2001, sob o fundamento de que “(...) a detração é a forma que tem o Estado de reparar o grave dano causado ao cidadão que foi a presídio injustamente. Assim, nada mais correto que se retribua com a redução da pena - na certeza de que nada afasta a injustiça sofrida pelo apenado, mas na tentativa de dar uma resposta consentânea com a dignidade da pessoa humana.“ (fl. 81). Daí o presente apelo excepcional em que o Parquet argumenta violação ao art. 42 do Código Penal. Sustenta, em suma, “que não cabe detração quando o pedido se refere a período em que o apenado esteve segregado, em decorrência de processo distinto e cujo fato é anterior ao delito.“ Contra-razões às fls. 95/99. Admitido o recurso na origem, subiram os autos a esta Corte (fls. 101/102). A douta Subprocuradoria-Geral da República, às fls. 108/113, se manifestou pelo conhecimento e provimento do presente recurso, em parecer assim ementado: “PENAL. RECURSO ESPECIAL. ROUBO TENTADO E LATROCÍNIO. DETRAÇÃO PENAL. IMPOSSIBILIDADE. AUSÊNCIA DE NEXO DE CAUSALIDADE. PROCESSOS E DELITOS DISTINTOS. 1. Não há como aplicar a detração do tempo em que o recorrido esteve segregado indevidamente em pena aplicada por crime posteriormente praticado e julgado em processo distinto. 2. Parecer pelo provimento do recurso.“ (fl. 108) É o relatório.
VOTO – O EXMO. SR. MINISTRO FELIX FISCHER:
Busca-se, no presente recurso, a reforma do v. acórdão increpado, à alegação de que não cabe detração da pena quando o pedido se refere a período em que o ora recorrido esteve segregado em decorrência de processo distinto e cujo fato é anterior ao delito da atual condenação. O recurso é de ser provido. Segundo magistério jurisprudencial desta Corte, é inviável aplicar-se a detração em relação aos crimes cometidos posteriormente à custódia cautelar, v.g.: “RECURSO ESPECIAL. DIREITO PENAL. DETRAÇÃO PENAL. CRIMES COMETIDOS POSTERIORMENTE À PRISÃO CAUTELAR. IMPOSSIBILIDADE. RECURSO IMPROVIDO. 1. O instituto da detração penal somente é possível em processos relativos a crimes cometidos anteriormente ao período de prisão provisória a ser computado. 2. Outro entendimento conduziria à esdrúxula hipótese “(...) de 'conta corrente' em favor do réu, que, absolvido no primeiro processo, ficaria com um 'crédito' contra o Estado, a ser usado para a impunidade de posteriores infrações penais.“ (in Luiz Régis Prado, Curso de Direito Penal Brasileiro, 3ª ed., Editora Revista dos Tribunais, São Paulo, 2002, vol. 1, pág. 470). 3. Recurso improvido.“ (REsp 650405/RS, 6ª Turma, Rel. Min. Hamilton Carvalhido, DJU de 29/08/2005). “PENAL. RECURSO ESPECIAL. ART. 42 DO CÓDIGO PENAL. DETRAÇÃO. CRIMES ANTERIORMENTE COMETIDOS À PRISÃO CAUTELAR. Somente é possível a detração na hipótese de crimes anteriormente cometidos à custódia cautelar. Essa interpretação é coerente com o que dispõe a Constituição Federal, que prevê a indenização ao condenado por erro judiciário, assim como àquele que ficar preso além do tempo fixado na sentença (art. 5º, LXXV), pois não há indenização mais adequada para o tratamento de prisão provisória que se julgou indevida pela absolvição do que ser ele computado no tempo da pena imposta por outro delito. Evidentemente, deve-se negar à detração a contagem de tempo de recolhimento quando o crime é praticado posteriormente à prisão provisória, não se admitindo que se estabeleça uma espécie de “conta corrente“ de créditos e débitos do criminoso (Julio Fabbrini Mirabete, Código Penal Interpretado, 3ª Edição, Ed. Atlas, pág. 329). Recurso provido.“ (REsp 666822/RS, 5ª Turma, Rel. Min. José Arnaldo da Fonseca, DJU de 23/05/2005). In casu, verifica-se que o crime em que houve a condenação do ora recorrido, foi cometido posteriormente ao período da prisão cautelar decretada em outro processo. Ante o exposto, dou provimento ao recurso especial para restabelecer a r. decisão monocrática. É o voto.

 
EMENTA -
PENAL E EXECUÇÃO PENAL. RECURSO ESPECIAL. ART. 42 DO CÓDIGO PENAL. DETRAÇÃO. CRIME COMETIDO POSTERIORMENTE À PRISÃO CAUTELAR. IMPOSSIBILIDADE. Na linha de precedentes desta Corte, é inviável aplicar-se a detração em relação aos crimes cometidos posteriormente à custódia cautelar. (Precedentes). Recurso especial provido.

 
ACÓRDÃO
Vistos, relatados e discutidos os autos em que são partes as acima indicadas, acordam os Ministros da QUINTA TURMA do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, por unanimidade, conhecer do recurso e dar-lhe provimento, nos termos do voto do Sr. Ministro Relator. Os Srs. Ministros Laurita Vaz, Arnaldo Esteves Lima e Napoleão Nunes Maia Filho votaram com o Sr. Ministro Relator. Brasília, 26 de junho de 2007. (Data do Julgamento).

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