Recurso Ordinário Em Habeas Corpus Nº 107.915/sp

Penal. Processual penal. Recurso ordinário Em habeas corpus. Nulidades processuais. Processo penal Militar. Interrogatório. Ampla defesa e contraditório. Presença do defensor. Ausência de advertência sobre o Direito ao silêncio. Réus que apresentam sua versão dos Fatos. Ausência de comprovação do prejuízo. Alteração de Advogado sem anuência dos réus. Fato que não pode ser Atribuído ao poder judiciário. Pas de nullité sans grief. Ausência de abuso de poder, ilegalidade ou teratologia Aptas a desconstituir a coisa soberanamente julgada. Recurso ordinário desprovido. 1. As garantias da ampla defesa e do contraditorio restam observadas, nao prosperando o argumento de que a falta de advertencia, no interrogatorio, sobre o direito dos reus permanecerem calados, seria causa de nulidade apta a anular todo o processo penal, nos casos em que a higidez do ato e corroborada pela presenca de defensor durante o ato, e pela opcao feita pelos reus de, ao inves de se utilizarem do direito ao silencio, externar a sua propria versao dos fatos, contrariando as acusacoes que lhes foram feitas, como consectario de estrategia defensiva. 2. A falta de advertencia sobre o direito ao silencio nao conduz a anulacao automatica do interrogatorio ou depoimento, restando mister observar as demais circunstancias do caso concreto para se verificar se houve ou nao o constrangimento ilegal. (HC 88.950/RS, Relator Min. Marco Aurelio, Primeira Turma, Julgamento em 25/9/2007, HC 78.708/SP, Relator Min. Sepulveda Pertence, Primeira Turma, Julgamento em 9/3/1999, RHC 79.973/MG, Relator Min. Nelson Jobim, Segunda Turma, Julgamento em 23/5/2000.) 3. In casu: a) os recorrentes, policiais militares, foram processados e condenados como incursos no § 1o do artigo 308 do Codigo Penal Militar, a 2 (dois) anos e 8 (oito) meses de reclusao em regime inicial aberto; b) a sentenca destaca que, no dia 3/4/1996, na cidade de Sao Paulo/ SP, os sentenciados, agindo em coautoria, exigiram da vitima vantagem indevida no valor de R$ 150,00 (cento e cinquenta reais) com o escopo de se omitirem quanto as providencias cabiveis relativas ao ato ilicito de conducao de veiculo automotor sem portar os documentos necessarios, que implicaria na apreensao do veiculo e autuacao do infrator; c) a condenacao ocorreu em 21/7/1997, confirmada por apelacao julgada em 19/12/2000, sendo certo que o Ministerio Publico ajuizou representacao junto ao Tribunal de Justica Militar do Estado de Sao Paulo com o escopo de decretacao de perda da graduacao das pracas, julgada procedente, e transitada em julgado em 27/11/2001 (fls. 123); d) destarte, em 8/1/2002, a defesa dos reus ajuizou revisao criminal, que foi julgada improcedente, e transitou em julgado em 28/10/2008, sendo as penas julgadas extintas ante o seu cumprimento, conforme sentencas exaradas pelo Juizo de Direito das Execucoes Criminais da Comarca de Santo Andre, em 9/11/2004 e 16/2/2005; e) aos 20/10/2009, a defesa reabriu o caso por meio de impetracao do writ junto ao Superior Tribunal de Justica, que se voltou contra o acordao da apelacao julgada pelo Tribunal de Justica Militar do Estado de Sao Paulo. 4. A suposta nulidade decorrente de alteracao de defensor sem a anuencia das partes restou superada pelas informacoes prestadas pelo Tribunal de Justica Militar do Estado de Sao Paulo (“1º à época, a grande maioria dos policiais militares processados no âmbito da Justiça Militar era defendida por advogados que integravam o Departamento Jurídico da Associação dos Cabos e Soldados da Polícia Militar e prestavam assistência jurídica aos associados dessa entidade, como ocorreu neste caso; 2º - em nenhum momento houve por parte do Juízo a “desconstituição” ou a “nomeação” de qualquer advogado para atuar nos autos, tendo sim na verdade ocorrido apenas alterações no quadro de advogados da referida Associação, cuja composição, como não poderia deixar de ser, é de seu livre arbítrio). 5. E cedico na Corte que: a) o principio geral vigente no processo penal e o de que somente se proclama a nulidade de um ato processual quando ha a efetiva demonstracao de prejuizo, nos termos do que dispoe o art. 563 do CPP, verbis: Nenhum ato será declarado nulo, se da nulidade não resultar prejuízo para a acusação ou para a defesa; b) a Sumula no 523 do Supremo Tribunal Federal dispoe que “No processo penal, a falta de defesa constitui nulidade absoluta, mas a sua deficiência só o anulará se houver prova de prejuízo para o réu” (HC 93.868/PE, Rel. Ministra Carmen Lucia, Primeira Turma, Julgamento em 28/10/2008; HC 98.403/AC, Rel. Ministro Ayres Britto, Segunda Turma, Julgamento em 24/8/2010, HC 94.817, Rel. Ministro Gilmar Mendes, Segunda Turma, Julgamento em 3/8/2010.) 6. Os presentes autos nao revelam a existencia de abuso de poder, ilegalidade ou teratologia que possa autorizar a concessao do writ, desconstituindo, assim, um feito processual ja acobertado pela coisa soberanamente julgada. 7. Recurso ordinario desprovido.

Rel. Min. Luiz Fux

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