1ª Turma Mantém Reabertura De Inquérito Contra Delegado Acusado Por Homicídio No Espírito Santo

É possível reabrir inquérito policial arquivado por ausência de ilicitude, com a excludente de estrito cumprimento do dever legal. Esse foi o entendimento da Primeira Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) que, por maioria dos votos, negou Habeas Corpus (HC 95211) ao delegado de polícia G.S.L.F. Acusado de cometer, supostamente, crime de homicídio no ano de 1992, no estado do Espírito Santo, o delegado contestava a reabertura de ação penal contra ele tendo em vista estar protegido por decisão que arquivou, em 1995, outro inquérito policial sob a mesma acusação.

Os ministros entenderam que o caso não faz “coisa julgada material“, considerando ser possível a reabertura do processo em razão de novas provas.

O caso

Segundo relatório lido pela ministra Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha, a vítima estava em situação irregular com a legislação, foi perseguida em decorrência disso e, na perseguição, mostrou a arma, tendo o delegado reagido, causando a morte da vítima. Na fase de investigação, ocorrida em 1995, testemunhas disseram que o delegado atuou no estrito cumprimento do dever legal. Assim, o pedido do promotor para o arquivamento do inquérito policial foi atendido, uma vez que apesar de existir fato típico, não haveria ilicitude, isto é, crime.

Em 2000 foi instalado um grupo de repressão do Ministério Público para apurar o crime organizado na região. Em seguida houve a instauração de Comissões Parlamentares de Inquérito (CPI), no âmbito estadual e nacional, em que se verificou atribuição de outro nome para a vítima, além de a reação do acusado ter sido considerada como queima de arquivo, por ter atirado a curta distância, o que teria sido comprovado por novas provas.

No ano de 2005, o Ministério Público, ao considerar as novas provas, pediu o desarquivamento do inquérito policial, tendo sido atendido. G.S.L.F. impetrou habeas corpus, alegando que não havia novas provas e que em razão de um arquivamento anterior, estava protegido pela coisa julgada material e formal, nos termos da Súmula 524*, do STF.

Voto da relatora

A relatora disse ter analisado farta jurisprudência do Supremo de casos em que a Corte examinou apenas a tipicidade, um dos elementos que faz configurar a coisa julgada material, isto é, levando ao trancamento definitivo do inquérito policial. Cármen Lúcia entendeu que, na hipótese, a intenção do acusado é afastar não a tipicidade, mas a ilicitude, “que se comprova por novas provas ensejando, pelo menos teoricamente, a possibilidade de prosseguimento”.

“Não vejo como desconhecer toda a realidade que essas provas foram colhidas já num ambiente em que era propício, inclusive fazer a avaliação de tudo aquilo que foi dito”, disse a ministra quanto à investigação atual. De acordo com ela, agora estão sendo apresentados novos dados. O ministro Ricardo Lewandowski afirmou que em 1995 havia um contexto fraudulento, presumindo-se que “as provas são imprestáveis e que, portanto, não se concretizou a coisa julgada material”. No mesmo sentido, votou o ministro Carlos Ayres Britto.

Divergência

Ficaram vencidos os ministros Menezes Direito e Marco Aurélio, que votaram pela concessão do habeas corpus. Eles entenderam que o caso faz coisa julgada material, sendo impossível reabrir o processo, independente de novas circunstâncias.

“Tanto o MP quanto o juiz arquivaram, julgando o mérito e entendendo que houve a absolvição por estar o paciente [o acusado] no estrito cumprimento do dever legal. Há uma sentença absolutória de mérito porque exclui a ilicitude admitindo a excludente. Nesse caso, seria possível a abertura permanente das provas”, disse o ministro Menezes Direito.

De acordo com o ministro Marco Aurélio, o acusado foi absolvido em razão de ter sido declarada inexistente a ilicitude, ou seja, não havendo o crime. “Concluiu-se pela absolvição, assentou-se que o fato não seria crime porque não haveria ilicitude. Não dá para reabrir vindo a balha novos dados”, afirmou, ao ressaltar que tal situação atinge a segurança jurídica.

EC/LF

* Súmula 524, do STF: “Arquivado o inquérito policial, por despacho do juiz, a requerimento do promotor de justiça, não pode a ação penal ser iniciada, sem novas provas”.

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