Ministro Gilmar Mendes Aplica Princípio Da Insignificância E Defere Liminares Em Três Habeas Corpus

Com base no chamado princípio da insignificância ou da bagatela, o ministro Gilmar Mendes, do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), acolheu argumentos da Defensoria Pública da União e deferiu liminares em três processos de Habeas Corpus (HC) provenientes do Rio Grande do Sul.

No primeiro deles (HC 106217), o ministro deferiu o pedido de liminar para suspender os efeitos da condenação imposta pela 2ª Vara Criminal de Lajeado (RS) a um homem preso em flagrante pelo furto de roupas usadas, avaliadas em R$ 55,00. Com base no princípio da insignificância, a Defensoria Pública recorreu da condenação no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul (TJ-RS) e depois no Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ). Como não obteve sucesso acionou a Suprema Corte.

Bicicletas

Em outros dois habeas corpus (HC 106169 e 106170), o ministro suspendeu os efeitos dos acórdãos do TJ-RS. Nestes HCs a Defensoria Pública agiu para reverter decisões da Justiça gaúcha que havia acolhido apelação do Ministério Público e aceitado denúncia contra dois homens acusados de furto de uma bicicleta usada cada um.

No primeiro, o bem furtado foi uma bicicleta avaliada em R$120,00. O juiz de primeira instância aplicou o princípio da bagatela e rejeitou a denúncia. Mas o Ministério Público conseguiu reverter a decisão do Juízo de primeiro grau, de forma que a ação penal tivesse continuidade.

Já no segundo caso, o juiz de primeira instância havia rejeitado a denúncia, porque considerou ter havido uma tentativa de furto, e não o furto, de uma bicicleta avaliada em R$ 200,00, uma vez que o bem foi devolvido. Mesmo assim, o Ministério Público recorreu e conseguiu reverter a decisão no TJ-RS. Em todos os casos, os acusados responderam pelo crime previsto no artigo 155, caput, do Código Penal e a Defensoria Pública conduziu os processos até o STF.

Liminares

Ao analisar os pedidos, o ministro Gilmar Mendes lembrou que em casos análogos a Suprema Corte tem reconhecido por inúmeras vezes a aplicação do princípio da insignificância. Ao citar precedentes, o ministro considerou presentes os requisitos para a concessão das liminares, como a fumaça do bom direito (fumus boni juris) e o perigo de demora (periculum in mora) para aguardar a decisão.

“Nesses termos, tenho que – a despeito de restar patente a existência da tipicidade formal (perfeita adequação da conduta do agente ao modelo abstrato previsto na lei penal) – não incide, no caso, a tipicidade material, que se traduz na lesividade efetiva e concreta ao bem jurídico tutelado”, disse o ministro Gilmar Mendes em uma das decisões.

Assim, o ministro deferiu as liminares nos três casos até o julgamento final dos habeas corpus; determinou a comunicação imediata à Justiça gaúcha nas respectivas instâncias em que tramitam as ações; e, caso os autos estejam devidamente instruídos mandou que os mesmo sejam encaminhados para parecer da Procuradoria Geral da República.

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